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Torture in Turkey
The widespread and systematic use of torture in Turkey was first observed by Amnesty International (AI) after the 1971 Turkish coup d'état.〔The File on Torture that was included in the newsletter of September 1987 is available as images under (File on Torture in Pictures )〕
==History==
The history of torture goes back to the Ottoman Empire.〔Taner Akçam: Siyasi Kültürümüzde Zulüm ve İşkence (''Oppression and Torture in our Political Culture''), İletişim Yayınları 172, April 1992, ISBN 975-470-249-7〕 The Committee of Union and Progress used the place known as the Bekirağa Bölüğü (Military Company of Bekir Agha) situated in the building that now houses the Istanbul University as a special torture place.〔〔Similar information (page 317 of the book) can be found in (Tarihçesi ve Yaşayanların Anlatımlarıyla - İşkence - 1 (Torture 1 with History and Stories of Victims); Collected by: Ali Osman Köse ), no printing date (Turkish); accessed on 24 October 2009〕 Almost all dissident people came here once.〔 Deputy Rıza Nur was tortured here in 1910. He raised torture allegations in parliament. The demand to establish a commission to investigate the torture allegations was turned down by 96 against 73 votes.〔
After the foundation of the Turkish Republic in 1923 Sansaryan Han and the Harbiye Military Prison became the symbols for torture. Having been built in Sirkeci in 1895 Sansaryan Han became the police headquarters of Istanbul in 1944.〔See (an article of Demirtaş Ceyhun in BİANET of 3 August 2009 ) (Turkish); accessed on 24 October 2009〕 People that were tortured here include poet and writer Attilâ İlhan, Nihat Sargın, former chair of the Workers Party of Turkey and poet Nâzım Hikmet.〔 In 1945 the military prison in Istanbul moved from Tophane to Harbiye. In one section 40 cells were built measuring 1,5 by 2 metres.〔(Tarihçesi ve Yaşayanların Anlatımlarıyla - İşkence - 1 (Torture 1 with History and Stories of Victims); Collected by: Ali Osman Köse ), no printing date (Turkish); accessed on 24 October 2009〕 Alleged members of the Communist Party of Turkey (TKP) were held here as well as the 40 of 49 Kurds that had been detained in 1959 (:de:Prozess der 49). They were held here for 195 days.〔 Twenty-four prisoners allegedly died because of the bad conditions they had been held in.〔 In Harbiye Military Prison members of the extreme right Grey Wolves (''ülkücü'') were tortured after the 1980 Turkish coup d'état.〔See (an article of Muhsin Yazıcıoğlu published on 20 September 2009 ) (Turkish); accessed on 24 October 2009〕 Besides bastinado (''falaka'') and rough beatings, prisoners would be held in narrow dark cells often called "coffin" (''tabutluk'') or isolation (''tecrit'').〔(undated article of Ayhan Alemdar ) (Turkish); accessed on 24 October 2009〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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